Glass, chemistry, petroleum, rubber and cement

Earth parallel: 1600–1860. Goal: the materials that steam and electricity cannot exist without — glass, acids, zinc, oil, rubber, insulation.

Years 24–3273 entries0 procedures written

ID	Achievement	Thread	Built on	About year
11.01	Glass furnace and melted glass	Making	04.14 04.18 04.22 07.02 10.02	24
11.02	Blown glassbottles, jars and flasks	Making	10.22 11.01	24
11.03	Window glass	Home	11.02	24
11.04	Laboratory glasswareretorts, tubes, funnels, condensers	Making	11.02	24
11.05	Ground lensesmagnifier, spectacles, telescope for surveying	Making	09.15 11.01	24
11.06	Goggles and dust maskseyes and lungs protected at the grinder, the furnace and the acid bench	Making	09.13 11.03	25
11.07	Salt-glazed stonewareacid-proof jars and pipes	Making	03.06 04.10 10.02	25
11.08	Porcelainwhite clay fired very hot; the best insulator and the best laboratory ware	Making	04.09 10.02	25
11.09	Copper still with coiled condenser	Making	05.22 05.28 07.21	25
11.10	Distilled alcohol ⚠solvent, antiseptic, clean-burning fuel	Making	08.14 08.40 11.09	25
11.11	Turpentine and rosinthinner, solvent and soldering flux	Making	04.20 11.09	25
11.12	Wood-distilling retort ⚠wood heated in a closed iron vessel gives wood spirit, strong vinegar acid, acetone and better charcoal	Making	04.20 10.22 11.09	25
11.13	Shellac varnishthe first good electrical insulation	Making	11.10	25
11.14	Mercury ⚠roasted from red cinnabar and condensed	Making	05.04 10.22	25
11.15	Thermometer, barometer and hydrometerheat, pressure and strength of liquids become numbers	Making	11.04 11.10 11.14	26
11.16	Still house and laboratorybenches, water, a hood that draws fumes away, and safe stores	Making	11.04 11.07	26
11.17	Weather log and storm signalthe barometer read every day, and a signal hoisted when it falls fast	Knowledge	05.20 11.15	26
11.18	Sulphuric acid ⚠made in lead-lined chambers; the most important chemical of all	Making	05.27 07.32 07.33 11.04	26
11.19	Nitric acid ⚠	Making	07.33 11.04 11.18	26
11.20	Hydrochloric acid ⚠	Making	03.06 11.07 11.18	26
11.21	Soda ashbetter glass and soap	Making	04.10	26
11.22	Caustic soda ⚠	Making	04.15 11.21	26
11.23	Wood pulpwood cooked in caustic soda into clean fibre; cheap paper	Making	08.34 11.22	26
11.24	Carbon disulphide ⚠sulphur vapour passed over red-hot charcoal; a poisonous liquid that catches fire very easily	Making	04.07 07.32 11.09	27
11.25	Blue and green vitriolcopper and iron sulphate, for batteries, plating and ink	Making	05.05 06.05 11.18	27
11.26	Zinc metal ⚠distilled from its ore as a vapour and condensed	Making	04.07 04.22 05.04 10.02	27
11.27	Lead oxides ⚠litharge and red lead, for paint, pipe joints and battery plates	Making	05.25 10.02	27
11.28	Coal gas works and gas light ⚠	Making	10.03 10.12 10.19 10.22	27
11.29	Coal tar, pitch and creosotepreserves railway sleepers and timber	Making	11.28	27
11.30	Ammonia and sal ammoniacbattery salt and soldering flux	Making	11.20 11.28	27
11.31	Mirrorspolished white bronze first, silvered glass later	Making	05.09 05.26 09.15 11.03 11.19 11.30	27
11.32	Made fertilisersbone meal, bones treated with acid, and the ammonia salt from the gas works	Food	03.21 11.18 11.30	27
11.33	Crop protectioncopper-and-lime spray, sulphur dust and traps	Food	04.15 07.32 11.25	28
11.34	Drilled oil well ⚠a steel bit dropped on a rope from a spring pole	Making	02.27 07.30 09.18 10.22 10.27	28
11.35	Oil still ⚠splits crude oil into gasoline, kerosene, lubricating oil, wax and tar	Making	10.19 11.09 11.18 11.22 11.34	28
11.36	Gasoline store ⚠the lightest cut of the oil kept cool in sealed iron drums, away from every flame; solvent and blowlamp fuel now, engine fuel later	Making	06.24 10.19 11.35	28
11.37	Kerosene lamp with glass chimneybright cheap light	Home	08.22 10.21 11.02 11.35	28
11.38	Mineral lubricating oil and greaselets machines run fast and hot	Making	04.19 11.35	28
11.39	Vulcanised rubber ⚠rubber kneaded with sulphur and cured by heat; stays springy hot or cold	Making	07.32 08.38 10.17	28
11.40	Rubber goodshoses, gaskets, belts, seals, waterproof cloth, boots	Making	08.25 11.11 11.39	28
11.41	Hard rubbera tough insulator for battery cases and electrical parts	Making	11.39	28
11.42	Graded abrasive powderssorted by settling in water	Making	07.21 09.14	29
11.43	Asbestos and mica insulation ⚠heat-proof packing and sheet	Making	08.22	29
11.44	Portland cement	Making	04.14 09.05 09.14 10.02 10.03	29
11.45	Concrete and iron-reinforced concreteengine beds, dams, harbour walls	Making	10.18 11.44	29
11.46	Graphite productspencils, crucible mix, dry lubricant	Knowledge	04.22 07.17	29
11.47	Antimony ⚠smelted from its grey ore; hardens lead and tin for bearings and printing type	Making	04.07 04.24 05.04 06.05 10.02	29
11.48	Nickel and resistance alloynickel smelted from its ore; an alloy with copper for resistance wire and hard-wearing plating	Making	05.04 05.05 10.02	29
11.49	Zinc-coated iron wire and sheetiron dipped in molten zinc so it cannot rust	Making	10.18 10.19 11.20 11.26 11.30	29
11.50	Canned foodcooked food sealed in soldered tin cans keeps for years	Food	05.28 10.21	29
11.51	Brick houses with glass windowsdry, light and safe from fire	Home	04.11 04.15 11.03	30
11.52	Settlement office and records officethe Record, the register, the count of the store and the list of fields under one roof	Society	07.06 07.41 08.36 11.51	30
11.53	Sand filter bedsclear water for the whole village	Home	04.29 07.31 09.24 11.44	30
11.54	Flush toilet with water trapa bend of standing water keeps the smell and the flies in the drain	Home	05.27 09.24 11.07	30
11.55	Sewers and settling tankno waste reaches the stream	Home	07.51 11.07 11.45	30
11.56	Waste from the workswhere the slag, the lead, the mercury, the acid and the tar go	Home	07.12 07.51	30
11.57	Litmus papershows at once whether a liquid is acid or alkali	Making	08.34 11.30	30
11.58	Tinctures and laudanum ⚠plant medicines dissolved in alcohol and given by the drop	Health	07.49 08.42 11.02 11.10	30
11.59	Healing oils by steamclove for toothache, eucalyptus and mint for the chest	Health	11.09	30
11.60	Iodine and iodine tincturepainted on skin to kill germs before a cut	Health	11.04 11.10 11.18	31
11.61	Bleaching powder ⚠chlorine gas soaked into slaked lime; disinfects water, floors and linen	Home	04.15 11.07 11.20	31
11.62	Chlorinated drinking water ⚠a measured pinch of bleaching powder in the village tank	Home	11.53 11.61	31
11.63	Carbolic acid ⚠distilled from coal tar; the first surgical germ-killer	Health	11.18 11.22 11.29	31
11.64	Ether ⚠the first reliable anaesthetic: sleep without pain for surgery	Health	06.24 11.04 11.10 11.18	31
11.65	Chloroform ⚠a second anaesthetic, which does not catch fire	Health	11.04 11.10 11.61	31
11.66	Laughing gas ⚠short anaesthesia for teeth and childbirth	Health	11.19 11.30 11.40	31
11.67	Morphine ⚠the active part of opium, purified so that a dose can be weighed exactly	Health	04.15 06.24 08.42 11.04 11.10 11.30	31
11.68	Sterile salt water and distilled waterfor washing wounds and mixing medicines	Health	03.06 11.02 11.09	31
11.69	Rubber medical goodsgloves, tubing, hot-water bottle, bulb syringe	Health	11.40	32
11.70	Antiseptic operating room ⚠scrubbed hands, boiled instruments, carbolic on everything, the patient asleep under ether	Health	04.19 06.31 07.48 08.43 08.44 11.60 11.63 11.64 11.69	32
11.71	Benzene and aniline from coal tar ⚠the start of dyes, stains and made medicines	Making	11.18 11.19 11.20 11.29	32
11.72	Aniline dyes ⚠bright fast colours for cloth, and the stains that show germs under the microscope	Cloth	11.18 11.71	32
11.73	Bleached white cloth and printed colours ⚠	Cloth	08.27 11.61	32