Civilization manualBook 1: From Bare Hands to Steam and Electricity765 entries · 23 phases · 100 years
The Island

The story

How the settlement governs itself, who leads what, and the turning points from the landing to year fifty.

The first pairings

FormedPairHow it happenedTension
Month 1Ehsan and GraceThe two eldest. Ehsan builds a dry shelter for the sick before he builds his own; Grace dresses his burns. Settled from the start, and the pair all the others measure themselves against.His long days at the forge beside Nadia. Her fear of every risk he takes.
Month 2Omar and SofiaOmar grows it and Sofia stores it. They are counting the food together every evening from the second week.She spends the stores on feasts to lift spirits. He hoards seed.
Month 3Bjorn and ImaniImani talks all day and Bjorn hardly at all. He leaves a carved netting needle on her mat without a word.His silence against her need for company. His slowness against her speed.
Month 4Diego and UlaniTwo weeks alone in the dugout canoe, surveying the coast: Diego maps the rock, Ulani the plants. They come back a pair.Both wander and neither is ever home. She will not be told to be careful by a man who is not.
Month 6Hiro and MeiLong silent nights feeding the first kiln. Mei makes him a cup that fits his hand exactly; Hiro makes her a shaping tool scraped perfectly true.Two perfectionists. Neither will say sorry first.
Month 8Tane and YaraYara sews the first sail from hides and tells Tane it is badly rigged. He takes her out to prove otherwise; she is seasick and furious.He goes to sea whenever there is trouble. She says the thing he is avoiding.
Month 14Jonas and PreetPreet comes to draw his model water wheel for the Record and corrects his arithmetic. After that Jonas asks her to check every calculation.She writes down his failures too. He lectures.
Month 18Viktor and NadiaOre and fire. Nadia was first with Luca (months 5 to 14) and left because the furnace mattered more to her than peace. Viktor, who feeds the furnace, understands that.Two tempers. Luca. Her obsession and his drinking.
Month 22Adam and ZoeAfter her log sledge runs away down the slope, with nobody hurt, Zoe expects Adam to shut her out. Instead he asks her to design its brake. They have argued in council for two years; the camp saw it coming before they did.She pushes for speed, he for safety. She will not be "the leader's wife" and still votes against him.
Month 26Kofi and WrenTwo years of rivalry over who is the better hunter, ended on a boar hunt where each saves the other.Both proud. Her animals and the plough are what make his hunting unnecessary.
Month 34Luca and FarahAfter Nadia, Luca swears off pairing. Farah needs a lime kiln, then a still house, then a laboratory, and he builds each one better than she asked.His jealousy and her distance. He is loud, she is exact.
Month 46Rohan and ChloeThe two who will wait longest for their crafts. Chloe plans a glass furnace she cannot yet build; Rohan, who dreams of a lamp he cannot yet light, works out its heat for her. She thinks him a child until his sums come out right.His carelessness with mercury and acid frightens her. Her pride.

Social order

Why they are here

The 24 are astronauts, chosen from many countries and crafts and trained by NASA for the Human Habitation Project. They were set down with nothing, on purpose, to answer one question: starting from bare hands, how long does it take people to launch their first manned rocket into space? What they do not know is that there are two teams and two planets. The first planet to make its launch wins.

How decisions are made

  • The council is all 24, one voice each. It meets in the long house on the common ground every seventh evening.
  • Adam chairs, until his death in year 33. The chair is voted on again every Landing Day. A decision needs two thirds.
  • Each person holds a charge (see the roster). On the safety of their own charge, their word is final, even over the chair.
  • Disputes are heard by three people drawn by lot, and from year 5 every judgment is written down.
  • As the numbers grow, each settlement settles its own daily matters and the council of everyone still meets at the centre. About year 34, with some 300 people and nobody voted into Adam's chair, it becomes a council of chosen speakers: the law is printed, and judges are drawn by lot.

The Landing Rules

  1. Nobody works alone at anything that can kill: the sea, the mine, the furnace, the boiler.
  2. Nothing is built that is not written in the Record, and every accident is written too.
  3. No skill lives in one head. Everyone learns a second craft and teaches their own.
  4. Food, fuel, tools and metal are held in common. Clothes, a bed and one chest are your own.
  5. The dirty jobs rotate: charcoal, latrines, the mine, the night fire watch.
  6. Pairing is a free choice, told to the council. Either one may end it. Nobody is owed a partner.
  7. Anything marked ⚠ needs two trained people and the say-so of whoever holds that charge.
  8. One island, one people. There are no borders: anyone may live, work and travel anywhere. There is no religion.

About year 39 the council changes Rule 4: what a household makes beyond its share of the common work is its own, to keep, give or exchange. Barter and the market day follow from it.

Unwritten principles

These are not rules of the council. They are how the settlers live.

  • There is no marriage. A man and a woman pair by choice, and the pairing lasts as long as both want it.
  • While two people are together, they are usually with nobody else. One partner for life and several over the years are both ordinary; neither is praised or blamed.
  • Over the years most people have children with more than one partner. On average a man of the landing has children with about two women of his own generation, and later in life with one or two grown women of the next.
  • Nobody stays alone.
  • There is jealousy, and there are quarrels over it. There is no violence: no rape and no murder.
  • The register of births and family lines records both parents of every child, so that everyone knows who is kin to whom.

Two settlements and the common ground

In the first year the 24 divide into two mixed groups of twelve and build two settlements about a mile apart. Halfway between them is the common ground, with the evening fire where everyone gathers after work, and beside it the work ground, where the kilns, the forge and later the workshops stand, away from both sets of houses. The long house is the first building on the common ground. It becomes the common store, then, much later, the settlement office and the records office. The bank that grows out of it belongs to Book 2.

Who does what in the first year

WorkLed byWith
Hunting and trappingKofiWren; Adam and Diego in the first months
Fishing and the seaTaneUlani (diving), Yara, Bjorn (boats)
Foraging and plantsUlaniImani, Grace, Sofia
Fields and animalsOmarWren (animals), everyone by rota
Kitchen and storesSofiaby rota
ShelterAdam (lean-tos, week 1), then Luca and Bjorn (round houses, in the first year)everyone
HealthGraceFarah
The RecordPreeteach craft lead

The seven threads

The index sorts every achievement into one of seven threads that run side by side through all fifteen phases.

ThreadWhat it coversLed byWith
MakingTools, materials, power and machinesthe lead of each phaseeveryone
FoodHunting, fishing, farming, food and drinkOmar (to year 38)Sofia (kitchen, yeast, sugar), Ulani (plants), Kofi and Wren (game and animals), Tane (the sea)
HealthRemedies, painkillers, anaesthetics, surgery, instruments, the first antibioticGraceFarah (medicines and anaesthetics), Chloe (lenses and glass), Hiro (instruments), Ulani (medicinal plants), Mei (filters and jars), Sofia (growing the mould)
HomeShelter, housing, water, light, heat and sanitationLucaBjorn (timber), Grace (sanitation rules), Jonas (water and heating), Mei (pipes and tiles), Imani and Yara (bedding)
ClothFibre, leather, spinning, weaving, clothing, the first man-made fibreImaniYara (leather and sewing), Omar (the cotton field), Wren (sheep), Zoe and Jonas (the mill machines), Farah (bleach and artificial silk)
KnowledgeThe Record, measures, maps, the calendar, the school, signals and printingPreetHiro (measures), Diego (maps), Tane (the stars and the compass), Rohan and Jonas (telegraph, telephone and radio)
SocietySettlements, the common ground, the council and its rules, the store, trade and moneyAdam (to year 33)Sofia (the common store), Preet (the records office), the speakers of each settlement

Two camps

  • The Field — Omar, Sofia, Grace, Kofi, Tane: food and safety first. "You cannot eat iron."
  • The Forge — Zoe, Nadia, Jonas, Viktor, Rohan: build faster, the machines will feed us.
  • Adam stands between them. Most of the council's hard votes are this argument in a new form.
  • The two camps are not the two settlements. People of both live in both, so that neither settlement becomes a side.

Story beats

These were re-dated on 2026-11-11 to the 50-year calendar. In the later beats the founders are in their fifties, sixties and seventies; how the work is shared with their children and grandchildren is still to be written, with the cast of the second generation.

WhenWhat happensIndex
Day 1The landing. Adam picks the camp site; Kofi and Tane go for food, Ulani for plants.01.01
Day 5A storm puts the fire out. One night without it. The ember carrier and the fire watch follow.01.08, 01.09
Month 3The first fever. Grace nurses it in a hut apart from the camp, on willow-bark tea and the salt-and-honey drink. Nobody else catches it.03.36, 03.39, 03.42
Month 4Ulani poisons herself tasting a root. Grace saves her with crushed charcoal. The safe-food list becomes law.01.22, 03.23, 03.24
Month 6The camp divides into two settlements a mile apart, with the common ground and its evening fire between them.03.28, 03.29
Month 9The first cool season. Wild food grows scarce, the stores run low, and Omar accuses the builders of eating without growing.03.07
Month 10The first child is born, to Grace and Ehsan. Grace has trained Sofia and Yara to deliver it.03.40
Month 14Nadia leaves Luca. He refuses to build her next furnace and Adam has to rule on it.04.27
Year 2Sofia's first jar of living yeast. The camp eats risen bread, and she guards the jar like a child.04.28
Year 2First copper: Diego's ore, Mei's crucible, Yara's bellows, Nadia's furnace.05.05
Year 3First iron, after five failed smelts.06.04
Year 4The first death on the island. The first child of Farah and Luca is born a month early and lives two days. Luca cuts the stone, the first in the burial ground, and Preet opens the register with the entry.03.44, 07.06
Years 7 to 9Both settlements move out of the round houses into timber houses, with a bath house, covered drains and an infirmary. The coughs of the wet season stop.07.37, 07.48, 07.50, 07.51
Year 8Yara bleeds after a hard birth, her fourth, and Grace cannot stop it. The child lives. Yara is the first of the 24 to die. The delivery forceps are made the next year.07.53
Years 8 to 18The long childhood. About eighty children and no grown ones: almost every hand is needed to feed, clothe and teach. The council puts the plough, the horses and the school ahead of every furnace.07.23, 08.03, 08.06
Year 12A girl of nine cuts her foot, and her blood turns. Grace has honey dressings and willow bark, and they are not enough.03.36, 03.37
Year 16Zoe runs the trip hammer without its guard to save a day. Bjorn loses two fingers. Adam keeps the chair by two votes.09.07
Year 16Grace takes off the crushed fingers with steel knives, and only raw opium for the pain. She tells the council she will not cut again without something better. Farah starts work on it that week.06.31, 08.42
Year 19The first grandchild of the landing is born. The children of the first years are grown, and are the island's strongest hands.07.06
Year 21Gas explodes in the coal mine. Three people are behind the fall. Viktor digs two of them out alive. The third is Diego, who found the seam. The safety lamp and a second shaft for air are Viktor's answer.10.01, 10.04, 10.05
Year 22Liquid iron is tapped. Luca, Viktor and Nadia have to work side by side to do it.10.08, 10.09
Year 22The first bolt of cotton cloth comes off the water-driven mill. Imani, who has woven by hand for twenty years, has cloth and colours enough for everyone at last.09.27, 09.29
Year 24Chloe's first clear glass, and spectacles for Hiro at last.11.01, 11.05
Year 25A sudden storm catches the fishing boats. One does not come back, with two young fishers aboard. From the next year the barometer is read every day, and a storm signal is hoisted when it falls fast.11.17
Year 27Bjorn dies of cancer. Grace knows what it is and has only opium to give him. The boat builders he taught carry on.08.42
Year 29Wren takes lockjaw from a deep cut in the horse yard and dies of it. Grace knows it needs a serum and cannot make one.
Year 30Brick houses, filtered piped water and flush toilets. The stream runs clean again.11.51, 11.53, 11.54, 11.55
Year 32Farah's ether. Omar's appendix bursts, and Grace opens him asleep on a scrubbed table while Farah counts the drops. He is walking in three weeks.11.64, 11.70
Year 33Adam dies in his sleep, aged 60. Grace thinks it was his heart. Nobody is voted into his chair.
Year 34In place of a chair, the council of everyone becomes a council of chosen speakers, and the law is printed.12.23
Year 35Chloe's microscope. Grace sees for the first time what has been living in the wounds.12.35
Year 35Jonas insists on a water test of Zoe's new boiler. A seam splits, harmlessly, in front of everyone.13.04
Year 36The first steam engine pumps the mine dry.13.06
Year 38Omar dies of a stroke at harvest, six years after the operation that saved him. Grace has measured his blood pressure for three years and has nothing to lower it with.12.38
Year 39The telegraph joins the two settlements, the mine and the works.14.10
Year 39Viktor dies of miner's lung. He beat the gas, the water and the long climb, and the dust took him.10.04, 13.06, 13.21
Year 40Two mothers take childbed fever in one month, and one of them dies. Grace and Farah grow the germ on jelly and trace it to unwashed hands. The steriliser and the scrub rule end it.13.27, 13.30, 13.32
Year 40The first market day on the common ground. People pay with grain, twine, boots and fish.14.11, 14.12
Year 42Rohan's lamp. The whole settlement stands in the dark, and it lights.14.24
Year 43The standard copper bead is accepted in payment for anything.14.35
Year 44The first train runs on the first miles of the railway, with Kofi at the regulator.15.03, 15.06
Years 45 to 49The founders begin to die of age, one each year: Ehsan, Nadia, Mei, Luca and Tane. Ehsan leaves the trained smiths he wanted, and Grace buries her partner.
Year 46Zoe's electric car, charged from batteries filled by the falls.15.19
Year 48A voice by radio reaches the far end of the island, where no wire and no rail has yet come.15.29, 15.30
Year 48Preet prints the Record.15.33
Year 49A boy of twelve cuts his foot and his blood turns. Ulani's blue mould, grown by Sofia and Farah in three hundred bottles, is ready just in time. He lives. The same wound killed a girl of nine in year 12.15.39, 15.40
Year 49The serum against lockjaw is made, in horses from Wren's herd, twenty years after she died of it.15.37
Year 49The hospital opens: an operating room, wards and a laboratory, with electric light and hot water.15.41
Year 49The receipts of the records office pass from hand to hand as money.15.34
Year 50Grace dies, the oldest of the 24 still living, the year after her hospital opens. She is buried by healers she trained. Eleven of the 24 are alive.15.41
Year 50The first ingot of aluminium is poured. About thirty miles of railway are open, and the far end of the island waits for Book 2.15.06, 15.46

Children and numbers

The first birth is in month 10. The couples do not space their children: a woman has a child about every two years. By year 15 there are about eighty children and no grown ones, and small children take about a third of the adults' working time. These are the years when almost every hand is needed just to live, and they are why the plough, the horses and water power matter so much.

The first grandchildren of the landing come from about year 19. There are about 220 people in year 30, about 440 in year 40 and about 830 in year 50, in several settlements with no borders between them. Eleven of the 24 who landed are alive at the end of year 50, aged 70 to 76. The count is in review/population.js.

Who dies, and when

Deaths are shown honestly and told plainly, a few lines each. There is no violence, and nobody takes their own life. Burial is plain: the burial ground, a stone, and the entry in the register (03.44, 07.06).

By year 50 about fifty people lie in the burial grounds, out of about 875 who have lived on the island: thirteen of the 24 who landed, about twenty-five small children, and about eleven grown people born on the island. The story tells eighteen of them. The rest are in the register.

YearWhoAgeHowWhat follows
8Yara33Bleeds after a hard birth, her fourth. The child lives.The first of the 24 to die. Delivery forceps the next year (07.53). What could have saved her, salt water into a vein, comes in year 35 (12.39).
21Diego46The gas explosion in the coal mine he found.The safety lamp and the second shaft (10.04, 10.05). The railway of year 44 is laid out on his map.
27Bjorn53Cancer. Grace has only opium to give (08.42).Ether is four years away (11.64), and Book 1 never gets an answer to cancer.
29Wren47Lockjaw, from a deep cut in the horse yard.The serum of year 49, made in horses from her herd (15.37).
33Adam60In his sleep. Grace thinks it was his heart.Nobody is voted into his chair. The council of chosen speakers and the printed law take its place the next year (12.23).
38Omar65A stroke at harvest, six years after the operation that saved him.Grace can measure his blood pressure and cannot lower it (12.38).
39Viktor67Miner's lung, from a life of rock dust.He beat the gas, the water and the long climb (10.04, 13.06, 13.21). Dust masks came in year 25 (11.06), too late for his lungs.
45Ehsan73Of age.He leaves the trained smiths he wanted. Grace buries her partner.
46Nadia73Of age.Three years after her steel by the ton (15.01).
47Mei72Of age.Her firebrick is in every furnace on the island.
48Luca74Of age.After the dam and the power house at the Falls.
49Tane74Of age.Five years after he captains the steamboat (15.08).
50Grace78Of age, the oldest of the 24 still living.The year after the hospital opens (15.41). She is buried by healers she trained.

Alive at the end of year 50: Zoe, Farah, Sofia, Jonas, Chloe, Imani, Hiro, Preet, Kofi, Rohan and Ulani, aged 70 to 76.

Of the people born on the island, the story tells five:

YearWhoHowWhat follows
4The first child of Farah and Luca, two days oldBorn a month early, and too small to feedThe first grave on the island. The register opens with it (07.06).
12A girl of nineA cut foot, and blood poisoningThe same wound as the boy of year 49, who lives because of the mould (15.39, 15.40).
25Two young fishersTheir boat does not come back from a sudden stormThe weather log and the storm signal (11.17).
40One of the two mothers with childbed feverThe feverThe steriliser and the scrub rule (13.27, 13.30, 13.32).

Three dangers kill nobody: the trip hammer takes two of Bjorn's fingers in year 16, the boiler of year 35 splits a seam under its water test with nobody near, and Omar lives through the first operation in year 32. The rules work.

Six people lose their first partner in the middle of life: Tane (year 8), Ulani (21), Imani (27), Kofi (29), Zoe (33) and Sofia (38). Nobody stays alone, so each pairs again. With whom is still to be written, with the cast of the second generation.

Choices: decided and still open

  1. Deaths. Decided: they are shown honestly. Two of the 24 die early, where it teaches the most, eleven more die of illness or of age, and about one child in thirty is lost (see "Who dies, and when").
  2. Where the 24 came from, and why they arrive with nothing. Decided: the Human Habitation Project and its test on two planets (see "Why they are here").
  3. Is Zoe the right first partner for Adam, or should the leader be matched differently? Still open.
  4. Should anyone stay alone? Decided: nobody does.
  5. Medicine. Decided: penicillin stays in Book 1, as its last great step in year 49.
  6. The second and third generations. Still open: which of the children and grandchildren are named, and who leads the later phases beside the founders, and who has children with whom after the first pairings. Also open: who the six who lose their first partner pair with next, and who leads the Society thread after year 33 and the Food thread after year 38.