18
High-voltage lines, transmission towers and the multimeter
Earth parallel: 1890–1925. Goal: power carried across the whole island and into every house, and the instruments that keep it safe and find its faults.
| ID | Achievement | About year |
|---|---|---|
| 18.01 | Standard resistors and capacitorsthe made parts every later circuit uses: known values, marked and matched | 52 |
| 18.02 | Rectifierlets current pass one way only: alternating current charges batteries, and one meter reads both kinds | 52 |
| 18.03 | Multimeterone instrument for volts, amperes and ohms, carried to the fault | 53 |
| 18.04 | Suspension insulatora string of porcelain discs that holds a line at a far higher voltage | 53 |
| 18.05 | Aluminium power cable with steel corea light, strong conductor for long spans | 54 |
| 18.06 | Transmission towera lattice of steel angles that carries the lines high across country | 55 |
| 18.07 | Lightning arresterleads a lightning stroke on the line safely to earth | 55 |
| 18.08 | Substation with oil circuit breaker ⚠high voltage stepped down for a district, and a fault cut off in an instant under oil | 56 |
| 18.09 | Lead-sheathed underground cablepower and telephone lines buried under the street | 56 |
| 18.10 | Electric arc furnace ⚠scrap steel melted by an arc between great carbon rods: fine steels made to order | 57 |
| 18.11 | House wiring with fuses, switches, sockets and earthingsafe current in every room | 57 |
| 18.12 | Electricity meter for each housecounts what each household uses, so that power can be paid for | 58 |
| 18.13 | Thermostata strip of two metals bends with heat and switches the current on and off | 58 |
| 18.14 | Electric cooker, kettle and ironheat from resistance wire, just where it is wanted | 59 |
| 18.15 | Electric soldering irona small heated copper tip for joining wires | 59 |
| 18.16 | Household refrigeratora small sealed cooling machine in the kitchen | 60 |
| 18.17 | Electric washing machinea motor turns the tub and the wringer | 60 |
| 18.18 | Fluorescent lampa glowing tube that gives several times the light for the same current | 62 |
| 18.19 | Oscilloscopea beam of electrons draws the shape of a changing voltage on a glowing screen | 64 |