Civilization manualBook 1: From Bare Hands to Steam and Electricity765 entries · 23 phases · 100 years
The Island
Phase 02 — Stone, bone, wood and fibre toolkit  /  About year 1
02.19

Stone-tipped spear

FoodYear 1Story day 12Stands on 11 earlier

AWhat it needs

Needs 11 other products in all, 4 of them directly.

View

Open a box to see what it needs. A dashed box is a product already drawn in full: click it to jump there. In the org chart, drag to move around.

BWhy

A sharpened wooden point bruises its way in. A stone point cuts, so it goes deeper, bleeds the animal faster and brings down larger game. It is also the pattern for every later weapon head: a shaped blade, seated, glued and bound.

CYou need

  • A spear shaft (01.15), straight and smooth
  • A thin leaf-shaped stone point as long as a finger, flaked in the same way as the stone knives (02.03)
  • Pitch glue (02.05) and sinew thread (02.06)
  • A knife flake

DSteps

  1. The point: start from a flat flake of flint. With the antler hammer, thin it from both faces. With the pusher, shape it to a narrow leaf with two straight sharp edges meeting at a tip.
  2. Thin the base so it is no thicker than the shaft slot will be, and press a small notch into each edge near the base, for the binding to grip.
  3. The seat: cut a slot across the end of the shaft, a thumb-joint deep and just wide enough for the base of the point. Start it with a knife flake and deepen it by sawing.
  4. Taper the outside of the shaft end so that shaft and point make one smooth line. A lump at the joint stops the spear going in.
  5. Try the point in the slot. It must sit straight, in line with the shaft, with no rocking.
  6. Warm the slot and the base of the point. Fill the slot with pitch glue, push the point in, sight along the shaft, and hold it true while the glue cools.
  7. Bind the joint with damp sinew thread: start below the slot, wrap up over the base of the point through the two notches, and back down. Smooth the end flat.
  8. Cover the binding with a thin skin of pitch to keep the wet out.
  9. Leave it a day. Sinew and pitch both harden.
  10. Carry two spare points. A point that breaks is replaced in a few minutes at the fire.

EIt worked if

  • Thrown from ten paces into a hide stuffed with grass, it goes in past the binding.
  • After ten throws the point has not shifted.

FWhat goes wrong

  • The point snaps at the notches. They were pressed too deep. Make them shallow.
  • The point twists in its seat. The slot is too wide. Pack it with a sliver of wood and more pitch.
  • The shaft splits down from the slot. Bind below the slot before fitting the point.
  • It will not go in deep. The joint is too thick. Taper it more and bind thinner.

GSafety

  • A spear with a stone point is carried point up and never left lying on the ground.

HIn the story

The wooden spears killed the first deer, but it ran a long way first. Kofi wants a point that ends it quickly. Hiro makes him nine before one flies straight. Wren says nothing, takes the eight rejects, and fits them to her own shafts.

IFigures

not drawn yet
Fig. 02.19-aThe joint enlarged in three steps: the slot cut and tapered; the point bedded in pitch; the sinew binding wrapped through the notches and sealed.diagram
not drawn yet
Fig. 02.19-bA finished spear full length, with two spare points beside it.thing
not drawn yet
Fig. 02.19-cKofi sighting along a shaft while holding a point in warm pitch, Hiro pressing a notch into the next point.making